RESUMO
In order to assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in two neighboring cities located near the epicenter of the HIV-1 epidemics in Brazil (Santos and São Paulo), we investigated 83 HIV-1 strains obtained from samples collected in 1995 from intravenous drug users. The V3 through V5 region of the envelope of gp 120 was analyzed by heteroduplex mobility analysis. Of the 95 samples, 12 (12.6%) were PCR negative (6 samples from each group); low DNA concentration was the reason for non-amplification in half of these cases. Of the 42 typed cases from São Paulo, 34 (81%, 95% confidence limits 74.9 to 87.0%) were B and 8 (19%, 95% confidence limits 12.9 to 25.0%) were F, whereas of the 41 typed cases from Santos, 39 (95%, 95% confidence limits 91.6 to 98.4%) were B and 2 (5%, 95% confidence limits 1.6 to 8.4%) were C. We therefore confirm the relationship between clade F and intravenous drug use in São Paulo, and the presence of clade C in Santos. The fact that different genetic subtypes of HIV-1 are co-circulating indicates a need for continuous surveillance for these subtypes as well as for recombinant viruses in Brazil.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , HIV-1/genética , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/virologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Análise Heteroduplex , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
In order to assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in two neighboring cities located near the epicenter of the HIV-1 epidemics in Brazil (Santos and São Paulo), we investigated 83 HIV-1 strains obtained from samples collected in 1995 from intravenous drug users. The V3 through V5 region of the envelope of gp 120 was analyzed by heteroduplex mobility analysis. Of the 95 samples, 12 (12.6 percent) were PCR negative (6 samples from each group); low DNA concentration was the reason for non-amplification in half of these cases. Of the 42 typed cases from São Paulo, 34 (81 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 74.9 to 87.0 percent) were B and 8 (19 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 12.9 to 25.0 percent) were F, whereas of the 41 typed cases from Santos, 39 (95 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 91.6 to 98.4 percent) were B and 2 (5 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 1.6 to 8.4 percent) were C. We therefore confirm the relationship between clade F and intravenous drug use in São Paulo, and the presence of clade C in Santos. The fact that different genetic subtypes of HIV-1 are co-circulating indicates a need for continuous surveillance for these subtypes as well as for recombinant viruses in Brazil
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , HIV-1/genética , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Análise Heteroduplex , HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/classificação , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores CCR5/genética , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Método Duplo-Cego , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Heterozigoto , HumanosRESUMO
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia have been observed in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. To investigate whether red cells (RBCs) of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection were coated with IgG and/or complement (C3), blood samples of 239 patients were tested. The prevalence of a positive direct antiglobulin test on RBCs was 16.7 percent. By use of an enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) to measure more accurately the number of IgG molecules per RBC in a group of 67 patients, 30 of the 67 individuals were observed to have increased numbers (mean, 155) compared to normal controls and to patients with hypergammaglobulinemia due to multiple myeloma or chronic liver disease. Hemoglobin level was correlated with the number of IgG molecules per RBC (p = 0.008), but no correlation could be demonstrated between those numbers and serum immunoglobulin (p = 0.10) or circulating immune complexes (p = 0.38). Our results with ELAT suggest that some AIDS patients may have specific binding of IgG on the surface of their RBCs, rather than nonspecific uptake; further clinical correlations are necessary to confirm these findings.
Assuntos
Teste de Coombs/métodos , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Soropositividade para HIV/sangue , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
O Brasil é o quarto país no mundo em número de casos de AIDS, apresentando elevada proporçäo da doença adquirida através de transfusäo de sangue. Uma vez que os pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em programa de hemodiálise säo freqüentemente submetidos a transfusöes sanguíneas, constituem-se em grupo com risco potencial de exposiçäo ao HIV. Estudou-se a prevalência de infecçäo pelo HIV em 117 pacientes em programa de hemodiálise na Casa de Saúde Santa Marcelina, identificando-se nove (7,7%) pacientes soropositivos pelos métodos ELISA e Western Blot. Nenhum paciente tinha outro fator de risco para infecçäo, além das transfusöes. Cada pacientes soropositivo foi comparado com três controles soronegativos, pareados por sexo. O número médio de transfusöes foi de 29,3 unidades para os casos e 26,7 unidades para os controles. O tempo médio de diálise foi de 28,2 e 27,2 meses para casos e controles, respectivamente. O risco de infecçäo pelo HIV näo foi associado ao número de transfusöes ou ao tempo de diálise. A relaçäo OKT/OKT foi menor ou igual a um em todos os pacientes infectados
